![]() Consequently, most systems utilize a single band, typically the C-band extending from 1530 nm to 1565 nm. ![]() Practical DWDM systems are limited by the bandwidth of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and by signal impairments discussed below. If high spectral efficiency (∼1 bit/Hz) is maintained across the band, then this would correspond to 40 Tbit/s. In principle, 40 THz of information can be sent down an optical fiber. The 100 GHz spacing used in DWDM systems corresponds to 0.8 nm spacing at 1.55 mm. Some higher capacity systems use finer spacing, 50, 25, or even 12.5 GHz spacing to pack more information into the fiber. Most DWDM systems use multiple beams spaced at 100 GHz spacing centered at 193.1 GHz as defined by an International Telecommunications Union (ITU) standard ( Figure 2a).
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